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วันอาทิตย์ที่ 11 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Concepts In Construction - System Building
This can also be termed as modular building. This refers to a form of building whereby a similar form of construction is adopted, usually by creating standard sizes of elements, thus remaining with the task of just creating multiples of the said modular element. The following are common elements adopted for this form of construction.
· Formwork: this refers to the mould into which concrete is poured and cured to provide the desired size and shape. Formwork can either be made of wood, steel, aluminium or PVC among other such items. In system building, a standard size of formwork is adopted, thus requiring similar sizes and forms of concrete elements in construction. This is especially easily achieve for elements like soffit formwork and beam and column formwork. Formwork props are also easily standardized to some extent where floor heights are more or less similar.
· Doors and windows: standard openings will call for standard windows, thus making it easy as well as consistent the process of their construction.
· Wall panels: For prefabricated buildings, it is usually easier to have a similar design for many units.
System building ensures similarity or near similarity of construction work, whether in small projects or big ones. This similarity leads to repetitive work, which gives the following benefits;
· Economies of scale: Due to the repetitive nature of the work at hand, there arises economies of large scale production.
· Economies in operation: due to the benefit of doing the same thing over and over again, it becomes easier to follow and even make more per unit time.
· Enhancing Quality: When something is done for a long time, people will understand it better and as such will be easier for them to achieve the desired quality of work.
System building can only be achieved in a well coordinated development scenario and where designers (architects and engineers) work hand in hand to see to this goal. Architectural associations have been working hard to absorb such technologies in their practice. It is important to seek the available opportunities and to pursue all the possible avenues in a bid to hit these goals. It is also important to ensure that all the stakeholders are well informed about system building together with all the benefits that are possible with it. Like for the case of formwork, it is important to go for durable material to ensure that the benefits of this technology due to repetitive work.
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วันศุกร์ที่ 25 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2554
Steel Structure Design With Computer Aided Design and Drafting System
The impact of connection flexibility on the behavior of steel structures has long been observed, however, due to the complexity of accurately modeling connection effects in design analysis, these effects are generally not considered implicitly in design. The computer aided design systems can be used to analyze two and three dimensional structures. It offers effective 3D models and graphic environment to define and characterize beam-column-end plate connection behavior for steel structure design.
The inelastic connection behavior can be modeled using nonlinear moment rotation in CAD system to represent both geometric behaviors in framed structures. All CAD systems come with a library of standard moment-rotation curves which are attuned to test data to characterize each connection response.
Several trends are emerging in structure design and construction with emphasis on joint behavior in design. These include the analysis of inelastic limit state design process which require more realistic analysis of actual response, incorporating evaluation of structural response to seismic and other extreme loading conditions and structural challenges as required by innovations in architectural design. Advances in computer technology, especially the availability of less expensive engineering workstations, are offering the means for more realistic analysis of structures including joint behavior.
Existing computer aided design (CAD) technology can provide considerable improvements over conventional manual drafting methods to handle steel connections. Analysis and design systems such as AutoCAD and Tekla make it easier and more convenient to design structural frames. These advance CAD systems produce a full set of structural design drawings for joist systems, beams, columns, trusses, open web joists, rebars, anchors, metal decks, etc.
Parametric definitions facilitate quick revisions to any object type. New objects, details or symbols can be graphically created and stored in families that you can edit and reuse in other projects. This reduces coordination errors and improves project efficiency.
Experienced design professionals can help you save cost and time in many ways. For any queries related to Structural steel design and calculations feel free to contact us at info@outsourcestructuraldesign.com
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