The "foundation" is the first carpentry term to come to mind when planning your garden shed. There are several types of foundations made of wood or concrete for the garden shed builder to consider. They can be classified into 3 main construction methods.
Although the most expensive, "concrete slab" foundations are the strongest and easiest to build. Ready-mix concrete can simply be poured into a mold on a consolidated ground surface. A concrete slab is preferred for a garden shed to take heavy weights such as drive in garden vehicles.
Constructed mainly of timber framing is the "pier and beam" method. The piers are upright vertical posts, or concrete blocks placed below ground. They protrude 18 to 24 inches above the ground at intervals around the shed perimeter. Large sheds may need piers underneath the length and breath of the shed floor. The "floor joists" or "beams" are timber lengths fixed to the piers. Floor joists always run from the front of the shed to the back. This method of constructing a garden shed foundation is ideal for uneven ground.
A modified method of constructing a foundation is to lay timber treated beams on cleared and level ground held together by the flooring. This is not the ideal way to build a garden shed if it is to be a permanent fixture. It will not have stability against adverse weather conditions compared with a concrete slab, or pier and beam construction.
"Anchor bolts" secure the "timber framing" to the concrete pad. They can be injected into the cured concrete with a special gun, or inserted in the poured concrete. The bottom of the framing is secured by the anchor bolts. Timber framing is the main structural wood frame sheathed on the outer walls by "weather boards" or other traditional materials such as bricks.
The term "studs" will appear on plans for your garden shed. They are simply the main vertical framing timbers spaced at intervals on which the exterior and interior cladding are fixed. Mounted on the framing are the "rafters" that make up the roof structure. The framing termed the "hip" is the angle of a roof that projects or extends up from the corner of the framing to the "ridge". The ridge is the main horizontal timber beam that runs the length of the shed structure, and is the highest point of the roof.
These basic carpentry terms are not difficult to understand when shown in detailed garden shed plans from which to work from. Not only will material lists be provided, but instructions will clearly show how the framing timbers connect to the foundation, or the roof connects to the framing. Building your own garden shed can be an easy way to learn about carpentry basics, so you can go on to more challenging building projects.
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